Sunday, 29 December 2013

Abdul-Qadir Gilani


Abdul-Qadir Gilani

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Saint
Abdul Qadir al-jilani
Sheikh,
BornAbdul Qadir
c. 18 March 1077
Na'if, Persia
Died15 January 1166 (aged 88)
Baghdad
Cause of deathnatural causes
Resting placeGrave of Abdul Qadir, Baghdad,Iraq
Other namesSheikh, Abdul Qadir al-Jilani
ReligionSunni Islam
ParentsAbu Salih (father), Umm Khair Fatima (mother).
Sufism and Tariqa
Shrine of Abdul Qadir Jilani..jpg
Portal Mosque02.svg Portal
Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani (Arabic: عبد القادر الجيلاني‎), (Kurdish: Evdilqadirê Geylanî, Persian: عبد القادر گیلانی‎,Urdu: عبد القادر آملی گیلانی‎ Abdolqāder Gilāni, Bengali: আব্দুল কাদের জিলানী (রহ.)) Al-Sayyid Muhiyudin Abu Muhammad Abdal Qadir Al-Jilani Al-Hasani Wal-Hussaini (born the first day of Ramadan, 470, in the town of Na'if, district of Gilan, Ilam Province, Persia, died 11 Rabīʿ ath-Thānī 561 AH, in Baghdad, 1077–1166 CE), was a Persian[1] Hanbali jurist and Sufi based in Baghdad. Qadiriyya was his patronym.

Family[edit]

Al-Gilani was born around 1077, in Na'if, Persia.[nb 1][2] His family was part of the Hanbali school, one of the schools of religious law within Sunni Islam. Al-Gilani's father, Abu Salih Musa al-Hasani, was a descendant of Hasan ibn Ali, (Imam Hasan). Hassan was the eldest son of Ali and Fatimah. Ali was Muhammad's cousin and Fatima was Muhammad's daughter. Al-Gilani's mother was the daughter of Abdullah Sawmai, a descendant of Husayn ibn Ali, the younger son of Ali and Fatima. Thus, Al-Gilani was both a Hasani and Hussaini Sayyid.

Name[edit]

Within Al-Gilani's full name, al-Sayyid Muhiyudin Abu Muhammad Abdal Qadir al-Jilani al-Hasani wal-Hussaini, the word Sayyid denotes his descent from Muhammad.[3] The name Muhiyudin describes him as a "reviver of religion".[4] The phrase, al-Jilani refers to Al Gilani's place of birth.[5][6] However, Al-Gilani also carried the epithet, al-Baghdadi.[7][8][9] referring to his residence and burial in Baghdad. The phrase al-Hasani wal-Hussaini affirms his lineal descent from both Hasan ibn Ali and Hussein ibn Ali, the grandsons of Muhammad.[10][11] Describing Al Gilani with the phrase 'Najib al-tarafayn Sayyid' indicates that both his mother and father were of apostolic lineage.[12]

Paternal heritage[edit]

Al Gilani's father was a Sayyid.[13][14] He was respected as a saint would be, by the people of his day, and was known as "Jangi Dost", (one who loves God), thus "Jangidost" was his sobriquet.[15][16][17]

Education[edit]

Al Gilani spent his early life in Na'if, the town of his birth. In 1095, at the age of eighteen years, he went to Baghdad. There, he pursued the study of Hanbali law.[18] Abu Ali al-Mukharrimi gave Al Gilani lessons inFiqh. He was given lessons about Hadith by Abu Bakr ibn Muzaffar. He was given lessons about Tafsir by Abu Muhammad Ja'far, a commentator. In Tasawwuf, his spiritual instructor was Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas.[19] (A detailed description of his various teachers and subjects are included below). After completing his education, Gilani left Baghdad. He spent twenty-five years as a reclusive wanderer in the desert regions of Iraq.[20]
SubjectShaykh (Teacher)
Fiqh (Islamid Jurisprudence)Abu Al Wafae Ali ibn Aqeel Hanbali
Fiqh (Islamid Jurisprudence)Abu Al Hasan Mohd. ibn Qazi Abu Yali
Fiqh (Islamid Jurisprudence)Abu Al Khatab Mahfuz Hanbali
Fiqh (Islamid Jurisprudence)Muhammad ibn Al Husnayn
Fiqh (Islamid Jurisprudence)Qazi Abu Saeed Mubarak ibn Ali al-Mukharrami
Tasawwuf (Sufism)Abu'l-Khair Hammad ibn Muslim al-Dabbas
Tasawwuf (Sufism)Abu Zakariay ibn Yahya ibn Ali Al Tabrezi
HadithAbu Bakr ibn Muzaffar
HadithMohd. Ibn Al Hasan Baqalai Abu Sayeed
Mohd. ibn Abdul Kareem
HadithAbu Al Ghanaem Mohd. Ibn Mohd Ali Ibn Maymoon Al Farsi
HadithAbu Bakr Ahmad Ibn Al Muzaffar
HadithAbu Jafer Ibn Ahmad Ibn Al Hussain Al Qari
HadithAbu Al Qasim Ali Ibn Mohd. Ibn Banaan Al Karkhi
HadithAbu Talib Abdul Qadri Ibn Mohd. Yusuf
HadithAbdul Rahman Ibn Ahmad Abu Al Barkat Hibtaallah Ibn Al Mubarak
HadithAbu Al Nasr Ibn Il Mukhtar
HadithAbu Nasr Muhammad
HadithAbu Ghalib Ahmad
HadithAbu Abdullah Aulad Ali Al Bana
HadithAbu Al Hasan Al Mubarak Ibn Al Teyvari
HadithAbu Mansur Abdurahman Al Taqrar

Views[edit]

In his book, Ghuniyya-t at-Talibeen, Abdul-Qadir Gilani said,
"There are 73 groups as foretold by Sayyadina Rasulullah (Salla Allahu ta'ala 'alayhi wa Sallam). The group which will be saved from the fire of Hell is the people of the hadith."[citation needed]

Later life[edit]

In 1127, Al Gilani returned to Baghdad and began to preach to the public.[2] He joined the teaching staff of the school belonging to his own teacher, al-Mukharrimii, and was popular with students. In the morning he taught hadith and tafsir, and in the afternoon he held discourse on the science of the heart and the virtues of the Qur'an. He was said to have been a convincing preacher and converted numerous Jews and Christians. His strength came in the reconciling of the mystical nature of theSufi and strict nature of the Qur'an.[2] He felt it important to control egotism and worldliness in submission to God.

Death and burial[edit]

Al Gilani died in the evening of Saturday 1166 (11 Rabi'us sani 561AH) at the age of ninety-one years (by the Islamic calendar).[22] His body was entombed in a shrine within his madrassa in Babul-Sheikh, Resafa (East bank of the Tigris) in Baghdad, Iraq.[23][24][25] During the reign of the Safavid Shah Ismail I, Gilani's shrine was destroyed,[26] however in 1535 the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman had a turba built over the shrine, which exists to this day.[27] The Sufi orders celebrate "Ghouse-al-azham day" on the date of Al Gilani's death.[citation needed]

Books[edit]

  • Diwan-e-Hazrat Abdul Qadir Gillani in Persian language which was translated by Khawaja Shahudin Sialkoti in Punajbi. This work is very popular among Sufis and they recite these Ghazals in their Mehfils.
  • Futuh al-Ghaib (Revelations of the Unseen) - 78 discourses, fairly short and to the point but very powerful.
  • Al-Fath ar-Rabbani (The Sublime Revelation) - 62 discourses, definitely longer, given in the Ribaat and Madrasa in Baghdad AH 545-546.
  • Jala' al-Khawatir (The Removal of Cares) - 45 discourses, also in the same locations, given in the year AH 546.
  • Malfuzat (Utterances of Shaikh 'Abd al-Qadir) - This is a collection of quotes from the Shaikh. Generally, it is found at the end of the hand-copied, Arabic manuscripts of Fath ar-Rabbani.
  • Al-Ghunya li-Talibi Tariq al-Haqq (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth, also known in the Indian sub-continent as Al-Ghunya li-Talibin). These five volumes, written by the Shaikh at the request of one of his murids, is a comprehensive guide to all aspects of Islam, both the inward and the outward.
  • Khamsata 'Ashara Maktuban (Fifteen Letters) - These are 15 letters originally written in Persian by Shaikh 'Abd al-Qadir to one of his murids.
  • Al-Fuyudat al-Rabbaniyya (Emanations of Lordly Grace)
  • Bashair al-Khairat (Glad Tidings of Good Things) - A Salawat by Shaykh Abd al-Qadir by way of inspiration from Allah.
  • Kitab Sirr al-Asrar wa Mazhar al-Anwar (The Book of the Secret of Secrets and the Manifestation of Lights)

Descendants[edit]

  • Sir Al-Asrar (Secret of secrets) (English translation)

See also[edit]

Bibliography[edit]

  • Sayings of Shaikh Abd al-Qadir al-Jīlānī Malfūzāt, Holland, Mutah (translator). S. Abdul Majeed & Co, Kuala Lumpur (1994) ISBN 1-882216-03-2.
  • Fifteen letters, khamsata ashara maktūban / Shaikh Abd Al-Qādir Al-Jīlānī. Translated from Persian to Arabic by Alī usāmu ́D-Dīn Al-Muttaqī. Translated from Arabic into English by Muhtar Holland.
  • Kamsata ašara maktūban. First edition. ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn, ʿAlī B., ʿAbd al-Malik al- Muttaqī al-Hindī (about 1480–1567) and Muhtar Holland (1935-). Al-Baz publications, Hollywood, Florida. (1997) ISBN 1-882216-16-4.
  • Jalā Al-Khawātir: a collection of forty-five discourses of Shaikh Abd Al-Qādir Al-Jīlānī, the removal of cares. Chapter 23, pg 308. Jalā al-Khawātir, Holland, Mutah (1935-) (translator). Al-Baz publications, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. (1997) ISBN 1-882216-13-X.
  • The sultan of the saints: mystical life and teachings of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani / Muhammad Riaz Qadiri Qadiri, Muhammad Riyaz. Gujranwala, Abbasi publications. (2000) ISBN 969-8510-16-8.
  • The sublime revelation: al-Fath ar-Rabbānī, a collection of sixty-two discourses / Abd al-Qādir al- Jīlānī, Second edition. al-Rabbānī, al-Fath. Al-Baz publications, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. (1998). ISBN 1-882216-02-4.
  • Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din, (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion), Parts one and two in Arabic. Al-Qadir, Abd, Al-Gaylani. Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, (1988).
  • Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din, (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion.) in Arabic. Introduced by Al-Kilani, Majid Irsan. Dar Al-Khair, Damascus, Bairut, (2005).
  • Encyclopædia Iranica.

Notes[edit]

  1. Jump up^ There is uncertainty as to the year of his birth; some sources say 1077, others 1078.

References[edit]

  1. Jump up^ Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, W. Braune, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, ed. H.A.R Gibb, J.H.Kramers, E. Levi-Provencal, J. Schacht, (Brill, 1986), 69.
  2. ^ Jump up to:a b c "'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani". Encyclopedia Britannica. I: A-Ak - Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. 2010. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
  3. Jump up^ Muslim communities of grace: the Sufi brotherhoods in Islamic religious life pg 94, Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. Columbia University Press. (2007). ISBN 978-0-231-14330-1.
  4. Jump up^ Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh pg 21, Muhammad Fādil Khān, Faid Ahmad. Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad (1998).
  5. Jump up^ Encyclopaedia of religion and ethics: volume 1. (A - Art). Part 1. (A - Algonquins) pg 10. Hastings, James and Selbie, John A. Adamant Media corporation. (2001), "and he was probably of Persian origin."
  6. Jump up^ The Sufi orders in Islam, 2nd edition, pg 32. Triingham, J. Spencer and Voll, John O. Oxford University Press US, (1998), "The Hanbali Qadirriya is also included since 'Abd al-Qadir, of Persian origin was contemporary of the other two."
  7. Jump up^ Devotional Islam and politics in British India: Ahmad Riza Khan Barelwi and his movement, 1870–1920, pg 144, Sanyal, Usha Oxford University Press US, 19 August 1999. ISBN 0-19-564862-5 ISBN 978-0-19-564862-1.
  8. Jump up^ Cultural and religious heritage of India: Islam pg 321. Sharma, Suresh K. (2004)
  9. Jump up^ Indo-iranica pg 7. The Iran Society, Calcutta, India. (1985).
  10. Jump up^ Biographical encyclopaedia of sufis: central asia and middle east, pg 123, Vol 2. Hanif N. Sarup and Sons. (2002) ISBN 81-7625-266-2, 9788176252669.
  11. Jump up^ The Election of Caliph/Khalifah and World Peace pg 176. Mowla, Khondakar G. (1998).
  12. Jump up^ Burton R.F. "Arabian Nights" Volume 5 Chapter 61 Footnote 466.
  13. Jump up^ Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan. p 177. Adamec, Ludwig W. (1975)
  14. Jump up^ The Sultan of the saints: mystical life and teaching of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani, pg 19, Riyāz Qādrī, Muhammad. Abassi publications, University of Michigan (2000).
  15. Jump up^ Sulook organisation website.
  16. Jump up^ Mihr-e-munīr: biography of Hadrat Syed Pīr Meher Alī Shāh pg 27, Khān, Muhammad Fādil and Ahmad, Faid. Sajjadah Nashinan of Golra Sharif, Islamabad. (1997)
  17. Jump up^ Encyclopaedia of Sufism, volume 1, Kahn, Masood Ali and Ram, S.
  18. Jump up^ Juan Eduardo Campo, Encyclopedia of Islam, p 4. ISBN 1438126964
  19. Jump up^ Malise Ruthven, Islam in the World, p 243. ISBN 0195305035
  20. Jump up^ Esposito J. L. The Oxford dictionary of Islam. p160.ISBN 0199757267
  21. Jump up^ Akbar, pg.11 Al Haqq, Abd. and Ghunyat al-talibeen (Wealth for Seekers) pg. 12 Urdu version
  22. Jump up^ The works of Shaykh Umar Eli of Somalia of al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyyah.
  23. Jump up^ Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion), parts one and two in arabic, Al-Qadir, Abd and Al-Gilani. Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, (1988).
  24. Jump up^ Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient provision for seekers of the path of truth and religion) with introduction by Al-Kilani, Majid Irsan. Al-Kilani, Majid , al-Tariqat, 'Ursan, and al-Qadiriyah, Nash'at
  25. Jump up^ The Qadirya shrine, Baghdad.
  26. Jump up^ Baghdad, A.A. Duri, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, 903.
  27. Jump up^ Abd al-Kadir al-Djilani, W. Braune, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, 70.

External links[edit]

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