Abdul-Qadir Gilani
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  (Redirected from Ghous-e-Azam)
Jilani redirects here. For others of the same name, see Gilani
Abdul Qadir Gilani Religion Islam School Hanbali Personal Born 1077 AD
Gilan, Iran Died 1166 AD
Baghdad, Iraq Senior posting Title Sheikh, Ghaus-e-Azam Religious career Works Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din, etc.
Al-Syed Muhiyudin Abu Muhammad Abdal Qadir al-Gilani al-Hasani wal-Hussaini ,[1][2] (Persian: عبد القادر گیلانی,Urdu: عبد القادر گیلانی AbdolqÄder GilÄni) (also spelled Abdulqadir Gaylani, Abdelkader, Abdul Qadir, Abdul Khadir - Jilani, Jeelani, Jilali, Gailani, Gillani, Gilani, Al Gilani) or simply known as Ghaus-e-Azam (470–561 AH) (1077–1166 AD) was a Persian[3] Hanbali preacher, Sufi sheikh and the figurehead of the Qadiri Sufi order. He was born on a Wednesday the 10th Rabi at-Thani in 470 AH, 1077 AD,[4] in the Persian province of Gilan (Iran) south of the Caspian Sea.
Contents
Lineage and Biography
Abdul-Qadir ibn Abi Salih Musa ibn Abdullah ibn Yahya ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Muhammad AbuBakr Dawud ibn Musa ibn Abdullah ibn Musa Jawni ibn Abdullah ibn Hassan al-Muthanna ibn Hassan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib , and this on his father side so you can see why they call him al-Hassani due to his tracing up to Muhammad's grandson Hassan ibn Ali. On his mother side, she is the daughter of a saintly person Abdullah Sawmai who was a direct descendant of Imam Husain ibn Ali making the Shaykh also al-Husayni due to this.
Al-Gilani was born in 1078 AD (471 AH) in a small town of Iranian Gilan Province. His ancestors were Syeds who settled in Gilan (arabacized to Jilan) hence the epiphet of al-Jilani.[5][6]
“ Sayyid Abu Muhammad Abdul Qadir R.A was born in Naif in the District of Gilan in Persia (Iran) in the month of Ramadan....His father's name was Abu Salih, a God-fearing man and a direct descendant of Hazrat Imam Hasan R.A., the eldest son of Ali R.A, the Holy Prophet's (SAW) first cousin, and of Fatima R.A his beloved daughter. His mother was the daughter of a saintly person- Abdullah Sawmai who was a direct descendant of Imam Husain A.S, the younger son of Ali R.A and Fatima R.A. Thus Sayyid Abdul Qadir was both a Hasani and Hussaini[7] â€
His complete name Al-Syed Muhiyudin Abu Muhammad Abdal Qadir al-Gaylani al-Hasani wal-Hussaini,[1][2] Syed denoting his honorific title of descendancy from the Islamic prophet Muhammad,[8] Muhiyudin his title for being known popularly as "the reviver of religion",[9] Abu Muhammad his Kunya or nick name (meaning 'father of Muhammad'), al-Gaylani denoting the region he hailed from[10][11] although however he also had the epiphet al-Baghdadi. [12][13][14] (denoting also the city of Baghdad where he was now residing in and therefore also geographically recognised through, eventually being buried there), and al-Hasani wal-Hussaini affirming his lineal descent from both Syed Imam Hasan and Imam Hussain, the grandsons of Muhammad.[1][15]
His father, Syed Abu Saleh Musa al-Hasani[16] was a direct descendant of the Syed Imam Hasan.[15][17] He was an acknowledged saint of his day "..and was popularly known as Jangi Dost, because of his love for Jihad"[18] Jangi dost thereby being his sobriquet[5][19]
His mother Ummal Khair Fatima,[20] daughter of Syed Abdullah Sawmai az-Zaid a descendant of Syed Imam Hussain[15][21] through Imam Zain ul Abideen,[22] he was known himself as a "great saint of his time and a direct descendant of Hazrat Imam Husain, the Great Martyr of Karbala"[23]
Education
He spent his early life in the town of his birth. At the age of eighteen he went to Baghdad (1095), where he pursued the study of Hanbali law under several teachers. The Shaikh received lessons on Fiqh from Abu Ali al-Mukharrimi, Hadith from Abu-Bakar-bin-Muzaffar, and tafsirfrom the renowned commentator, Abu Muhammad Jafar. When he was on the way going to "Baghdad" with a large convoy (Qafila), a group of thieves attacked the convoy and took all of their precious belongings, one of the thieves came to him (Sheikh Abdul-Qadir Gilani) and asked him "Boy, tell me what you have in your luggage". He replied "I have forty dinars." The thief searched all of his luggage and could not find the dinars. He then took the boy to his sardar (master) and told him that this boy (Sheikh Abdul-Qadir Gilani) claims he has forty dinars, but after searching his belongings I could not find the dinars. The sardar (master) then asked, "Boy, do you lie?" He replied "No, I am not lying, the dinars were sewn by my mother into my shalwar." Then one of the thieves checked and found the money. The sardar then asked him. "Boy, you could have lied to us and could have saved your money, why you didn't you lie?" Sheikh Abdul-Qadir Gilani replied "Before I started my journey, my mother advised me to tell the truth even if someone tries to kill me as Allah frowns upon those who do not speak the truth." After listening to this the sardar began to cry, as this little boy had so much fear of Allah that he did not lie in such a situation. He felt guilt for all his wrongdoings and felt the fear of Allah so the sardar then gave back all of the looted things to their owners.
In Tasawwuf (the sciences of the heart), his spiritual instructor was Shaikh Abu'l-Khair Hammad bin Muslim al-Dabbas. From him, he received his basic training, and with his help he set out on a spiritual journey.
After completion of education, Abdul-Qadir Gilani abandoned the city of Baghdad, and spent twenty-five years as a wanderer in the desertregions of Iraq as a recluse.[24]
Later life
He was over fifty years old by the time he returned to Baghdad in 1127, and began to preach in public. He moved into the school belonging to his old teacher Qur'an.
He busied himself for forty years in the service of Islam from 521 to 561 AH. During this period hundreds of thousands of people converted to Islam because of him and organized several teams to go abroad for dawah purposes.
He was also the teacher of Ibn Qudamah whom he also designated as a Caliph of his Qadri order (amongst others). Ibn Qudamah also later fought as a general in Sultan Saladin Ayyubi's army and conquered Jerusalem from the Christian dominance. His work and jurisprudent works influenced Ibn Taymiyyah who referred to both Ibn Qudamah and Shaikh Al-Gilani as his Shaikhs with full honorifics.
Death
The sheikh died on Saturday night 1166 (8th Rabi' al-Awwal 561AH) [25] at the age of ninety one years (by the Islamic calendar), and was entombed in a shrine within his Madrassa in Baghdad.[26][27][28] His Shrine and Mosque are in what used to be the school he preached in, located in Babul-Sheikh, Resafa (East bank of the Tigris) in Baghdad, Iraq. Worldwide the Qadiriyyah celebrate Ghawth al-a'tham day on Wednesday closest to his birthday not his death-date for respect and elevation of their Shaykh which is 10th of Rabi at-Thani in the islamic calendar[25]
Al-Gilani succeeded the spiritual chain of Junayd Baghdadi. His contribution to thought in the Muslim world earned him the title Muhiyuddin(lit. "The reviver of the faith"), as he along with his students and associates laid the groundwork for the society which later produced stalwarts like Nur ad-Din and Saladin. His Sufi order named after him is generally thought to be one of the most popular Sufi orders of the Islamic world.[29]
Family
The Shaikh had four virtuous wives and forty-nine children, twenty-seven sons and twenty-two daughters. The most famous of his sons are Shaikh Abdul-Wahab, Sheikh Abdul-Razzaq, Shaikh Abdul-Aziz, Shaikh Isa, Shaikh Musa, Sheikh Yahya, Sheikh Abdullah, Sheikh Muhammed and Sheikh Ibrahim. His sons and grandsons reached the Indian sub-continent throughout the years preaching Islam in his method (Arabic=Tareqa,طريقة). As they have reached the Western part of the Arab world of North Africa and Morocco, and parts of the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia (a country that predominantly professes to the Qadiriyyah order only in the Sufi sect though small patches of Ahmed ibn Idris' order is found) ). In Somalia the order is subdivided to Zaylaiyyah order and Uwaisiyyah order.
Among the Sufis, who came to India from Baghdad, and who belonged to the family of Shaykh Abd-ul-Qadir Jilani Hz. Shah Badr Dewanwhose real name was Hasan, and whose honorific title was Badr-ud-Din, is one of the top most Sufis. He stayed near Batala, and laid the foundation of Masania, a kind of inn in his times, but later populated by his children, grand children and great grand children, became a village of its own culture. The progeny of Baba Shah Badr Dewan is one of the biggest Syed Families, whose origin goes straight to Shaykh Syed Abd-ul-Qadir Jilani
Works
Some of Jilani's more well known works include:
- Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth and Religion)
- Al-Fath ar-Rabbani (The Sublime Revelation)available for download (urdu)
- Malfuzat (Utterances)
- Futuh al-Ghaib (Revelations of the Unseen) available for download (urdu) (English)
- Jala' al-Khatir (The Removal of Care)
- Bahajja-Tul Asrar (Ground Secerets)
Bibliography
- Utterances of Shaikh Abd al-Qadir al-JÄ«lÄnÄ« (MalfÅ«zÄt) / transl. from the Arabic by Muhtar Holland MalfÅ«zÄt
Author: Muhtar Holland (1935-) Year: 1994, Publisher: Kuala Lumpur : S. Abdul Majeed & Co, ISBN 1-88221-603-2
- Fifteen letters, khamsata ashara maktÅ«ban / Shaikh Abd Al-QÄdir Al-JÄ«lÄnÄ« ; translated from the Persian into Arabic by AlÄ« usÄmu ÌD-DÄ«n Al-MuttaqÄ« ; and from Arabic into English by Muhtar Holland, Kamsata aÅ¡ara maktÅ«ban
Author: Ê¿AlÄʾ al-DÄ«n Ê¿AlÄ« b. Ê¿Abd al-Malik al- MuttaqÄ« al-HindÄ« (ca1480-1567); Muhtar Holland (1935-) Year: c1997 Edition: 1st ed Publisher: Hollywood, Fla : Al-Baz Pub ISBN 1-88221-616-4
- The removal of cares = JalÄ Al-KhawÄtir : a collection of forty-five discoures / Shaikh Abd Al-QÄdir Al-JÄ«lÄnÄ« ; transl. from the Arabic by Muhtar Holland
JalÄ al-KhawÄtir Author: Muhtar Holland (1935-) Year: c1997 Publisher: Ft. Lauderdale, Fla : Al-Baz Pub Extent: xxiii, 308 p Size: 22 cmISBN 1-88221-613-X
- The Sultan of the saints : mystical life and teachings of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani / Muhammad Riaz Qadiri
Author: Muhammad Riyaz Qadiri Year: 2000, Publisher: Gujranwala : Abbasi Publications, Size: 22 cm, ISBN 969-851016-8
- The sublime revelation = al-Fath ar-RabbÄnÄ« : a collection of sixty-two discourses / Abd al-QÄdir al- JÄ«lÄnÄ« ; transl. from the Arabic by Muhtar Holland, al-Fath al-RabbÄnÄ«
Year: 1998 Edition: 2nd ed, Publisher: Ft. Lauderdale : Al-Baz Publishing, ISBN 1-88221-602-4
- Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth and Religion) ,(Arabic),PartI,II,Abd Al-Qadir Al-Gaylani,Pub.Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, 1988.
- Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth and Religion)
(Arabic), Introduced by Dr. Majid Irsan Al-Kilani, Pub. Dar Al-Khair, Damascus-Bairut, 2005.
- Encyclopaedia Iranica
See also
- Qadiriyyah
- Ali Hujwiri
- Sufi Barkat Ali
- List of Sufism related topics
- List of famous Sufis
- Sufism
- Sayyid
- Khwaja Maudood Chishti
- Khwaja Wali Kirani
List of notable personalities
- Mohammad Ali Mojtahedi Gilani, founder of Sharif University of Technology
- Ardeshir Mohassess, cartoonist
- Soviet Republic of Gilan
- Mirza Kuchek Khan, Founder of Constitutionalist movement of Gilan
- Arsen Minasian
- Hazin Lahiji, poet
- Hengameh, singer
- Mohammad Taghi Bahjat Foumani, Twelver Shi'a Marja
- Al-Jilani
- Mahmoud Behzad
- Majid Samii, brain surgeon in Germany
- Pejman Nouri, football player
- Mohammad Moin, prominent Iranian scholar of Persian literature and Iranology
- Sirous Ghayeghran, Former Captain of Iranian national Football team
- Ghafour Jahani, Footballer
- Hushang Ebtehaj, contemporary poet
- Mardavij, former king of Iran
- Shams Langeroodi, contemporary poet
- Fazlollah Reza, 2nd Head of Sharif University of Technology
- Ahmad (HajAgha) Koutchesfahani, founder of Iranian Telephone Company of Rasht
- Syed Yousaf Raza Gilani, Prime Minister of Pakistan. His forefathers migrated from the province of Gilan.
- Hazrat Pir Sayyid Abdul Qadir Gilani, Prominent Islamic Scholar In The U.K
- Hazrat Syed Qalandar Ilm Ali Shah Jilani, Sufi Saint Article deleted.
References
- ^ a b c Biographical encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East by N. Hanif, 2002, p123
- ^ a b The Sultan of the saints: mystical life and teaching of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani, Muhammad RiyÄz QÄdrÄ«, 2000, p24
- ^ Philip Khuri Hitti, "Islam, a way of life ", University of Minnesota Press (August 12, 1970). pg 64: "The earliest and most attractive Sufi order was al-Qadiri, named after its founder, the Persian ‘Abd al-Qadir al-Jili (al-Jilani 1077–1166)
- ^ The works of Shaykh Umar Eli of Somalia of al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyyah 1260H
- ^ a b [1]
- ^ History of Multan: from the early period to 1849 A.D. Ashiq Muhammad KhÄn Durrani, 1991, p31
- ^ The Election of Caliph/Khalifah and World Peace by Khondakar G. Mowla, 1998, p180
- ^ Muslim communities of grace: the Sufi brotherhoods in Islamic religious life by Jamil M. Abun-Nasr, 2007, p94
- ^ Mihr-e-munÄ«r: biography of Hadrat Syed PÄ«r Meher AlÄ« ShÄh by Faid Ahmad, Muhammad FÄdil KhÄn, 1998, p21
- ^ Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics: Volume 1. A - Art. Part 1. A - Algonquins By James Hastings, John A Selbie Published by Adamant Media Corporation, 2001. pg 10:"and he was probably of Persian origin"
- ^ J. Spencer Trimingham, John O. Voll, "The Sufi Orders in Islam", Edition: 2, reprint, illustrated, revised Published by Oxford University Press US, 1998. pg 32: "The Hanbali Qadirriya is also included since 'Abd al-Qadir, of Persian origin was contemporary of the other two
- ^ Devotional Islam and politics in British India: Ahmad Riza Khan Barelwi by Usha Sanyal, 1996, p144
- ^ Cultural and Religious Heritage of India: Islam by Suresh K. Sharma, Usha Sharma, 2004, p321
- ^ Indo-iranica‎Iran Society (Calcutta, India) 1985, p7
- ^ a b c The Election of Caliph/Khalifah and World Peace by Khondakar G. Mowla, 1998, p176
- ^ Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan‎ by Ludwig W. Adamec, 1975, p177
- ^ The Sultan of the saints: mystical life and teaching of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani, Muhammad RiyÄz QÄdrÄ«, 2000, p19
- ^ Mihr-e-munÄ«r: biography of Hadrat Syed PÄ«r Meher AlÄ« ShÄh by Faid Ahmad, Muhammad FÄdil KhÄn, 1997, p27
- ^ Encyclopaedia of Sufism, Volume 1 By Masood Ali Khan, S. Ram
- ^ Hadrat Sultan Bahu: life and work‎ Sayyid Ahmad SaÄ«d HamdÄnÄ«, 2001, p66
- ^ Mystical discourses of Ghaus-e-Azam Hazrat Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani‎Muhammad RiyÄz QÄdrÄ« 2002, p66
- ^ Biographical encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East by N. Hanif, p123
- ^ Ghous ul Azam Dastgir: by Abdul azīz Urfī, 1973, p2
- ^ Abd-al-Haqq, Akbar, p.11
- ^ a b The works of Shaykh Umar Eli of Somalia of al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyyah
- ^ Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth and Religion), (Arabic), PartI,II, Abd Al-Qadir Al-Gaylani, Pub.Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, 1988. ,Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth and Religion) (Arabic), Introduced by Dr. Majid Irsan Al-Kilani, Pub. Dar Al-Khair, Damascus-Bairut, 2005
- ^ Majid 'Ursan al-Kilani, Nash'at al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyah
- ^ The Qadirya Shrine, Baghdad (PDF)
- ^ A brief history of Islam‎ by Tamara Sonn, 2004, p60
External links
- 160 Names and Titles of 'Abdu-l Qadir al-Jilani
- Website dedicated to Shaikh Muhyi'din 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani
- Dedicated to his lineage, life, works and progeny
- Website regarding Shaykh Abdul-Qadri al-Gilani and his descendants.
- Website dedicated to the Lovers & Followers of the Great Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani
- A complete website regarding Ghaus ul Azam and Gilani Syeds.
- Ghauth ul Azam
- A Site of Web Links About Ghouse Azam Dastagir rz.
- A web site links related to Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani
- [2][3][4] Excerpts/Books by Abdul Qadir Jilani
His Works
Branches and affiliated organisations of the Qadiri Order
- 'Arusiyyah - Qadiriyyah (Founder: Imam al-'Arus Sayyid Muhammad)
- Darul Ehsan (Founder: Hazrat Abu Anees Muhammad Barkat Ali)
- Qadiri - Rifa'i (Founder: Muhyiddin Ansari)
- Sarwari - Qadri Order (Founder: Hazrat Sultan Bahu)
- International Qadiri Order
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  (Redirected from Ghous-e-Azam)
Jilani redirects here. For others of the same name, see Gilani| Abdul Qadir Gilani | |
|---|---|
| Religion | Islam |
| School | Hanbali |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1077 AD Gilan, Iran |
| Died | 1166 AD Baghdad, Iraq |
| Senior posting | |
| Title | Sheikh, Ghaus-e-Azam |
| Religious career | |
| Works | Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din, etc. |
Al-Syed Muhiyudin Abu Muhammad Abdal Qadir al-Gilani al-Hasani wal-Hussaini ,[1][2] (Persian: عبد القادر گیلانی,Urdu: عبد القادر گیلانی AbdolqÄder GilÄni) (also spelled Abdulqadir Gaylani, Abdelkader, Abdul Qadir, Abdul Khadir - Jilani, Jeelani, Jilali, Gailani, Gillani, Gilani, Al Gilani) or simply known as Ghaus-e-Azam (470–561 AH) (1077–1166 AD) was a Persian[3] Hanbali preacher, Sufi sheikh and the figurehead of the Qadiri Sufi order. He was born on a Wednesday the 10th Rabi at-Thani in 470 AH, 1077 AD,[4] in the Persian province of Gilan (Iran) south of the Caspian Sea.
Al-Gilani was born in 1078 AD (471 AH) in a small town of Iranian Gilan Province. His ancestors were Syeds who settled in Gilan (arabacized to Jilan) hence the epiphet of al-Jilani.[5][6]
His complete name Al-Syed Muhiyudin Abu Muhammad Abdal Qadir al-Gaylani al-Hasani wal-Hussaini,[1][2] Syed denoting his honorific title of descendancy from the Islamic prophet Muhammad,[8] Muhiyudin his title for being known popularly as "the reviver of religion",[9] Abu Muhammad his Kunya or nick name (meaning 'father of Muhammad'), al-Gaylani denoting the region he hailed from[10][11] although however he also had the epiphet al-Baghdadi. [12][13][14] (denoting also the city of Baghdad where he was now residing in and therefore also geographically recognised through, eventually being buried there), and al-Hasani wal-Hussaini affirming his lineal descent from both Syed Imam Hasan and Imam Hussain, the grandsons of Muhammad.[1][15]
His father, Syed Abu Saleh Musa al-Hasani[16] was a direct descendant of the Syed Imam Hasan.[15][17] He was an acknowledged saint of his day "..and was popularly known as Jangi Dost, because of his love for Jihad"[18] Jangi dost thereby being his sobriquet[5][19]
His mother Ummal Khair Fatima,[20] daughter of Syed Abdullah Sawmai az-Zaid a descendant of Syed Imam Hussain[15][21] through Imam Zain ul Abideen,[22] he was known himself as a "great saint of his time and a direct descendant of Hazrat Imam Husain, the Great Martyr of Karbala"[23]
In Tasawwuf (the sciences of the heart), his spiritual instructor was Shaikh Abu'l-Khair Hammad bin Muslim al-Dabbas. From him, he received his basic training, and with his help he set out on a spiritual journey.
After completion of education, Abdul-Qadir Gilani abandoned the city of Baghdad, and spent twenty-five years as a wanderer in the desertregions of Iraq as a recluse.[24]
He busied himself for forty years in the service of Islam from 521 to 561 AH. During this period hundreds of thousands of people converted to Islam because of him and organized several teams to go abroad for dawah purposes.
He was also the teacher of Ibn Qudamah whom he also designated as a Caliph of his Qadri order (amongst others). Ibn Qudamah also later fought as a general in Sultan Saladin Ayyubi's army and conquered Jerusalem from the Christian dominance. His work and jurisprudent works influenced Ibn Taymiyyah who referred to both Ibn Qudamah and Shaikh Al-Gilani as his Shaikhs with full honorifics.
Al-Gilani succeeded the spiritual chain of Junayd Baghdadi. His contribution to thought in the Muslim world earned him the title Muhiyuddin(lit. "The reviver of the faith"), as he along with his students and associates laid the groundwork for the society which later produced stalwarts like Nur ad-Din and Saladin. His Sufi order named after him is generally thought to be one of the most popular Sufi orders of the Islamic world.[29]
Among the Sufis, who came to India from Baghdad, and who belonged to the family of Shaykh Abd-ul-Qadir Jilani Hz. Shah Badr Dewanwhose real name was Hasan, and whose honorific title was Badr-ud-Din, is one of the top most Sufis. He stayed near Batala, and laid the foundation of Masania, a kind of inn in his times, but later populated by his children, grand children and great grand children, became a village of its own culture. The progeny of Baba Shah Badr Dewan is one of the biggest Syed Families, whose origin goes straight to Shaykh Syed Abd-ul-Qadir Jilani
Contents |
Lineage and Biography
Abdul-Qadir ibn Abi Salih Musa ibn Abdullah ibn Yahya ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Muhammad AbuBakr Dawud ibn Musa ibn Abdullah ibn Musa Jawni ibn Abdullah ibn Hassan al-Muthanna ibn Hassan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib , and this on his father side so you can see why they call him al-Hassani due to his tracing up to Muhammad's grandson Hassan ibn Ali. On his mother side, she is the daughter of a saintly person Abdullah Sawmai who was a direct descendant of Imam Husain ibn Ali making the Shaykh also al-Husayni due to this.Al-Gilani was born in 1078 AD (471 AH) in a small town of Iranian Gilan Province. His ancestors were Syeds who settled in Gilan (arabacized to Jilan) hence the epiphet of al-Jilani.[5][6]
| “ | Sayyid Abu Muhammad Abdul Qadir R.A was born in Naif in the District of Gilan in Persia (Iran) in the month of Ramadan....His father's name was Abu Salih, a God-fearing man and a direct descendant of Hazrat Imam Hasan R.A., the eldest son of Ali R.A, the Holy Prophet's (SAW) first cousin, and of Fatima R.A his beloved daughter. His mother was the daughter of a saintly person- Abdullah Sawmai who was a direct descendant of Imam Husain A.S, the younger son of Ali R.A and Fatima R.A. Thus Sayyid Abdul Qadir was both a Hasani and Hussaini[7] | †|
His father, Syed Abu Saleh Musa al-Hasani[16] was a direct descendant of the Syed Imam Hasan.[15][17] He was an acknowledged saint of his day "..and was popularly known as Jangi Dost, because of his love for Jihad"[18] Jangi dost thereby being his sobriquet[5][19]
His mother Ummal Khair Fatima,[20] daughter of Syed Abdullah Sawmai az-Zaid a descendant of Syed Imam Hussain[15][21] through Imam Zain ul Abideen,[22] he was known himself as a "great saint of his time and a direct descendant of Hazrat Imam Husain, the Great Martyr of Karbala"[23]
Education
He spent his early life in the town of his birth. At the age of eighteen he went to Baghdad (1095), where he pursued the study of Hanbali law under several teachers. The Shaikh received lessons on Fiqh from Abu Ali al-Mukharrimi, Hadith from Abu-Bakar-bin-Muzaffar, and tafsirfrom the renowned commentator, Abu Muhammad Jafar. When he was on the way going to "Baghdad" with a large convoy (Qafila), a group of thieves attacked the convoy and took all of their precious belongings, one of the thieves came to him (Sheikh Abdul-Qadir Gilani) and asked him "Boy, tell me what you have in your luggage". He replied "I have forty dinars." The thief searched all of his luggage and could not find the dinars. He then took the boy to his sardar (master) and told him that this boy (Sheikh Abdul-Qadir Gilani) claims he has forty dinars, but after searching his belongings I could not find the dinars. The sardar (master) then asked, "Boy, do you lie?" He replied "No, I am not lying, the dinars were sewn by my mother into my shalwar." Then one of the thieves checked and found the money. The sardar then asked him. "Boy, you could have lied to us and could have saved your money, why you didn't you lie?" Sheikh Abdul-Qadir Gilani replied "Before I started my journey, my mother advised me to tell the truth even if someone tries to kill me as Allah frowns upon those who do not speak the truth." After listening to this the sardar began to cry, as this little boy had so much fear of Allah that he did not lie in such a situation. He felt guilt for all his wrongdoings and felt the fear of Allah so the sardar then gave back all of the looted things to their owners.In Tasawwuf (the sciences of the heart), his spiritual instructor was Shaikh Abu'l-Khair Hammad bin Muslim al-Dabbas. From him, he received his basic training, and with his help he set out on a spiritual journey.
After completion of education, Abdul-Qadir Gilani abandoned the city of Baghdad, and spent twenty-five years as a wanderer in the desertregions of Iraq as a recluse.[24]
Later life
He was over fifty years old by the time he returned to Baghdad in 1127, and began to preach in public. He moved into the school belonging to his old teacher Qur'an.He busied himself for forty years in the service of Islam from 521 to 561 AH. During this period hundreds of thousands of people converted to Islam because of him and organized several teams to go abroad for dawah purposes.
He was also the teacher of Ibn Qudamah whom he also designated as a Caliph of his Qadri order (amongst others). Ibn Qudamah also later fought as a general in Sultan Saladin Ayyubi's army and conquered Jerusalem from the Christian dominance. His work and jurisprudent works influenced Ibn Taymiyyah who referred to both Ibn Qudamah and Shaikh Al-Gilani as his Shaikhs with full honorifics.
Death
The sheikh died on Saturday night 1166 (8th Rabi' al-Awwal 561AH) [25] at the age of ninety one years (by the Islamic calendar), and was entombed in a shrine within his Madrassa in Baghdad.[26][27][28] His Shrine and Mosque are in what used to be the school he preached in, located in Babul-Sheikh, Resafa (East bank of the Tigris) in Baghdad, Iraq. Worldwide the Qadiriyyah celebrate Ghawth al-a'tham day on Wednesday closest to his birthday not his death-date for respect and elevation of their Shaykh which is 10th of Rabi at-Thani in the islamic calendar[25]Al-Gilani succeeded the spiritual chain of Junayd Baghdadi. His contribution to thought in the Muslim world earned him the title Muhiyuddin(lit. "The reviver of the faith"), as he along with his students and associates laid the groundwork for the society which later produced stalwarts like Nur ad-Din and Saladin. His Sufi order named after him is generally thought to be one of the most popular Sufi orders of the Islamic world.[29]
Family
The Shaikh had four virtuous wives and forty-nine children, twenty-seven sons and twenty-two daughters. The most famous of his sons are Shaikh Abdul-Wahab, Sheikh Abdul-Razzaq, Shaikh Abdul-Aziz, Shaikh Isa, Shaikh Musa, Sheikh Yahya, Sheikh Abdullah, Sheikh Muhammed and Sheikh Ibrahim. His sons and grandsons reached the Indian sub-continent throughout the years preaching Islam in his method (Arabic=Tareqa,طريقة). As they have reached the Western part of the Arab world of North Africa and Morocco, and parts of the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia (a country that predominantly professes to the Qadiriyyah order only in the Sufi sect though small patches of Ahmed ibn Idris' order is found) ). In Somalia the order is subdivided to Zaylaiyyah order and Uwaisiyyah order.Among the Sufis, who came to India from Baghdad, and who belonged to the family of Shaykh Abd-ul-Qadir Jilani Hz. Shah Badr Dewanwhose real name was Hasan, and whose honorific title was Badr-ud-Din, is one of the top most Sufis. He stayed near Batala, and laid the foundation of Masania, a kind of inn in his times, but later populated by his children, grand children and great grand children, became a village of its own culture. The progeny of Baba Shah Badr Dewan is one of the biggest Syed Families, whose origin goes straight to Shaykh Syed Abd-ul-Qadir Jilani
Works
Some of Jilani's more well known works include:- Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth and Religion)
- Al-Fath ar-Rabbani (The Sublime Revelation)available for download (urdu)
- Malfuzat (Utterances)
- Futuh al-Ghaib (Revelations of the Unseen) available for download (urdu) (English)
- Jala' al-Khatir (The Removal of Care)
- Bahajja-Tul Asrar (Ground Secerets)
Bibliography
- Utterances of Shaikh Abd al-Qadir al-JÄ«lÄnÄ« (MalfÅ«zÄt) / transl. from the Arabic by Muhtar Holland MalfÅ«zÄt
- Fifteen letters, khamsata ashara maktÅ«ban / Shaikh Abd Al-QÄdir Al-JÄ«lÄnÄ« ; translated from the Persian into Arabic by AlÄ« usÄmu ÌD-DÄ«n Al-MuttaqÄ« ; and from Arabic into English by Muhtar Holland, Kamsata aÅ¡ara maktÅ«ban
- The removal of cares = JalÄ Al-KhawÄtir : a collection of forty-five discoures / Shaikh Abd Al-QÄdir Al-JÄ«lÄnÄ« ; transl. from the Arabic by Muhtar Holland
- The Sultan of the saints : mystical life and teachings of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani / Muhammad Riaz Qadiri
- The sublime revelation = al-Fath ar-RabbÄnÄ« : a collection of sixty-two discourses / Abd al-QÄdir al- JÄ«lÄnÄ« ; transl. from the Arabic by Muhtar Holland, al-Fath al-RabbÄnÄ«
- Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth and Religion) ,(Arabic),PartI,II,Abd Al-Qadir Al-Gaylani,Pub.Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, 1988.
- Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth and Religion)
- Encyclopaedia Iranica
See also
- Qadiriyyah
- Ali Hujwiri
- Sufi Barkat Ali
- List of Sufism related topics
- List of famous Sufis
- Sufism
- Sayyid
- Khwaja Maudood Chishti
- Khwaja Wali Kirani
List of notable personalities
- Mohammad Ali Mojtahedi Gilani, founder of Sharif University of Technology
- Ardeshir Mohassess, cartoonist
- Soviet Republic of Gilan
- Mirza Kuchek Khan, Founder of Constitutionalist movement of Gilan
- Arsen Minasian
- Hazin Lahiji, poet
- Hengameh, singer
- Mohammad Taghi Bahjat Foumani, Twelver Shi'a Marja
- Al-Jilani
- Mahmoud Behzad
- Majid Samii, brain surgeon in Germany
- Pejman Nouri, football player
- Mohammad Moin, prominent Iranian scholar of Persian literature and Iranology
- Sirous Ghayeghran, Former Captain of Iranian national Football team
- Ghafour Jahani, Footballer
- Hushang Ebtehaj, contemporary poet
- Mardavij, former king of Iran
- Shams Langeroodi, contemporary poet
- Fazlollah Reza, 2nd Head of Sharif University of Technology
- Ahmad (HajAgha) Koutchesfahani, founder of Iranian Telephone Company of Rasht
- Syed Yousaf Raza Gilani, Prime Minister of Pakistan. His forefathers migrated from the province of Gilan.
- Hazrat Pir Sayyid Abdul Qadir Gilani, Prominent Islamic Scholar In The U.K
- Hazrat Syed Qalandar Ilm Ali Shah Jilani, Sufi Saint Article deleted.
References
- ^ a b c Biographical encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East by N. Hanif, 2002, p123
- ^ a b The Sultan of the saints: mystical life and teaching of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani, Muhammad RiyÄz QÄdrÄ«, 2000, p24
- ^ Philip Khuri Hitti, "Islam, a way of life ", University of Minnesota Press (August 12, 1970). pg 64: "The earliest and most attractive Sufi order was al-Qadiri, named after its founder, the Persian ‘Abd al-Qadir al-Jili (al-Jilani 1077–1166)
- ^ The works of Shaykh Umar Eli of Somalia of al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyyah 1260H
- ^ a b [1]
- ^ History of Multan: from the early period to 1849 A.D. Ashiq Muhammad KhÄn Durrani, 1991, p31
- ^ The Election of Caliph/Khalifah and World Peace by Khondakar G. Mowla, 1998, p180
- ^ Muslim communities of grace: the Sufi brotherhoods in Islamic religious life by Jamil M. Abun-Nasr, 2007, p94
- ^ Mihr-e-munÄ«r: biography of Hadrat Syed PÄ«r Meher AlÄ« ShÄh by Faid Ahmad, Muhammad FÄdil KhÄn, 1998, p21
- ^ Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics: Volume 1. A - Art. Part 1. A - Algonquins By James Hastings, John A Selbie Published by Adamant Media Corporation, 2001. pg 10:"and he was probably of Persian origin"
- ^ J. Spencer Trimingham, John O. Voll, "The Sufi Orders in Islam", Edition: 2, reprint, illustrated, revised Published by Oxford University Press US, 1998. pg 32: "The Hanbali Qadirriya is also included since 'Abd al-Qadir, of Persian origin was contemporary of the other two
- ^ Devotional Islam and politics in British India: Ahmad Riza Khan Barelwi by Usha Sanyal, 1996, p144
- ^ Cultural and Religious Heritage of India: Islam by Suresh K. Sharma, Usha Sharma, 2004, p321
- ^ Indo-iranica‎Iran Society (Calcutta, India) 1985, p7
- ^ a b c The Election of Caliph/Khalifah and World Peace by Khondakar G. Mowla, 1998, p176
- ^ Historical and political who's who of Afghanistan‎ by Ludwig W. Adamec, 1975, p177
- ^ The Sultan of the saints: mystical life and teaching of Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani, Muhammad RiyÄz QÄdrÄ«, 2000, p19
- ^ Mihr-e-munÄ«r: biography of Hadrat Syed PÄ«r Meher AlÄ« ShÄh by Faid Ahmad, Muhammad FÄdil KhÄn, 1997, p27
- ^ Encyclopaedia of Sufism, Volume 1 By Masood Ali Khan, S. Ram
- ^ Hadrat Sultan Bahu: life and work‎ Sayyid Ahmad SaÄ«d HamdÄnÄ«, 2001, p66
- ^ Mystical discourses of Ghaus-e-Azam Hazrat Shaikh Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani‎Muhammad RiyÄz QÄdrÄ« 2002, p66
- ^ Biographical encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East by N. Hanif, p123
- ^ Ghous ul Azam Dastgir: by Abdul azīz Urfī, 1973, p2
- ^ Abd-al-Haqq, Akbar, p.11
- ^ a b The works of Shaykh Umar Eli of Somalia of al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyyah
- ^ Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth and Religion), (Arabic), PartI,II, Abd Al-Qadir Al-Gaylani, Pub.Dar Al-Hurya, Baghdad, Iraq, 1988. ,Al-Ghunya li-talibi tariq al-haqq wa al-din (Sufficient Provision for Seekers of the Path of Truth and Religion) (Arabic), Introduced by Dr. Majid Irsan Al-Kilani, Pub. Dar Al-Khair, Damascus-Bairut, 2005
- ^ Majid 'Ursan al-Kilani, Nash'at al-Tariqat al-Qadiriyah
- ^ The Qadirya Shrine, Baghdad (PDF)
- ^ A brief history of Islam‎ by Tamara Sonn, 2004, p60
External links
- 160 Names and Titles of 'Abdu-l Qadir al-Jilani
- Website dedicated to Shaikh Muhyi'din 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani
- Dedicated to his lineage, life, works and progeny
- Website regarding Shaykh Abdul-Qadri al-Gilani and his descendants.
- Website dedicated to the Lovers & Followers of the Great Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani
- A complete website regarding Ghaus ul Azam and Gilani Syeds.
- Ghauth ul Azam
- A Site of Web Links About Ghouse Azam Dastagir rz.
- A web site links related to Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani
- [2][3][4] Excerpts/Books by Abdul Qadir Jilani
His Works
Branches and affiliated organisations of the Qadiri Order
- 'Arusiyyah - Qadiriyyah (Founder: Imam al-'Arus Sayyid Muhammad)
- Darul Ehsan (Founder: Hazrat Abu Anees Muhammad Barkat Ali)
- Qadiri - Rifa'i (Founder: Muhyiddin Ansari)
- Sarwari - Qadri Order (Founder: Hazrat Sultan Bahu)
- International Qadiri Order
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